Der dritte Band behandelt die ausseren Umstande, unter denen die platonischen Philosophen im 2. und 3. Jh. n. Chr. lebten, insbesondere ihre Forderung durch Stadte und Kaiser, offentliche Ehrungen, das Urteil Aussenstehender uber sie, den Ruckgang der Philosophie im 3. Jh. n. Chr.; daruber hinaus wird die Beschaftigung mit den Schriften Platons dargestellt: Kommentare zu den Dialogen Platons, Gesamtdarstellungen der Lehre Platons, Monographien zu wichtigen Streitfragen, Platonlexika.

This document presents the Bonn PRINTEGER Consensus Statement: Working with Research Integrity—Guidance for research performing organisations. The aim of the statement is to complement existing instruments by focusing specifically on institutional responsibilities for strengthening integrity. It takes into account the daily challenges and organisational contexts of most researchers. The statement intends to make research integrity challenges recognisable from the work-floor perspective, providing concrete advice on organisational measures to strengthen integrity. The statement, which was concluded February 7th 2018, provides guidance on (...) the following key issues: § 1.Providing information about research integrity § 2.Providing education, training and mentoring § 3.Strengthening a research integrity culture § 4.Facilitating open dialogue § 5.Wise incentive management § 6.Implementing quality assurance procedures § 7.Improving the work environment and work satisfaction § 8.Increasing transparency of misconduct cases § 9.Opening up research § 10.Implementing safe and effective whistle-blowing channels § 11.Protecting the alleged perpetrators § 12.Establishing a research integrity committee and appointing an ombudsperson § 13.Making explicit the applicable standards for research integrity. (shrink)

This document presents the Bonn PRINTEGER Consensus Statement: Working with Research Integrity—Guidance for research performing organisations. The aim of the statement is to complement existing instruments by focusing specifically on institutional responsibilities for strengthening integrity. It takes into account the daily challenges and organisational contexts of most researchers. The statement intends to make research integrity challenges recognisable from the work-floor perspective, providing concrete advice on organisational measures to strengthen integrity. The statement, which was concluded February 7th 2018, provides guidance on (...) the following key issues: § 1. Providing information about research integrity§ 2. Providing education, training and mentoring§ 3. Strengthening a research integrity culture§ 4. Facilitating open dialogue§ 5. Wise incentive management§ 6. Implementing quality assurance procedures§ 7. Improving the work environment and work satisfaction§ 8. Increasing transparency of misconduct cases§ 9. Opening up research§ 10. Implementing safe and effective whistle-blowing channels§ 11. Protecting the alleged perpetrators§ 12. Establishing a research integrity committee and appointing an ombudsperson§ 13. Making explicit the applicable standards for research integrity. (shrink)

Des choses divines et de leur revelation est le testament philosophique de son auteur, Friedrich Heinrich Jacobi. La premiere evaluation d'ensemble du postkantisme et des grands systemes idealistes qu'il y propose determine encore l'image que nous pouvons nous faire de la philosophie classique allemande. La querelle qu'elle a declenchee et la reponse outranciere que lui a apportee Schelling, blesse par la critique du naturalisme que developpe la deuxieme partie de l'ouvrage, en font le document le plus precieux dont nous (...) disposions pour interpreter les debats qui, durant les premieres decennies du XIXe siecle, ont mis aux prises la philosophie de la religion et la theologie speculative. La discussion des rapports du realisme et de l'idealisme religieux, de la revelation de la raison et de la doctrine positive que Jacobi developpe d'abord en reponse a Matthias Claudius, puis lors d'un dialogue avec Friedrich Schlegel, non seulement eclaire cette lecture de l'histoire de la philosophie a l'heure de l'avenement du nihilisme, mais permet aussi de comprendre ce que l'auteur entend par ce vrai rationalisme qu'il oppose aux philosophes de son temps. Elle donne ainsi a celui qui fut l'un des peres de l'idealisme allemand en meme temps que son critique le plus acerbe l'occasion de preciser une derniere fois les rapports de la raison et de l'entendement, question qu'avec Kant, il fut l'un des premiers a poser a la pensee moderne. (shrink)

Die Religionsphilosophie von Heinrich Scholz (1921/22; Neudruck 1974) gilt als eines der eigentümlichsten und merkwürdigsten Bücher, die im Gebiete der philosophischen Erhellung der theologischen Aufgabe geschrieben wurde. Die vorliegenden Studien zeigen, wie die Religionsphilosophie im Sinne Scholzens sich als wissenschaftliche Disziplin eigenständig begründet und von theologischer Apologetik ebenso unterscheidet wie von den allgemeinen Religionswissenschaften. Sie fragen nach dem Ursprung des religionsphilosophischen Denkens im philosophischen Selbstbewusstsein, um von hier aus den Zusammenhang zu entfalten, der es Scholz ermöglicht, Religion als ein (...) genuin philosophisches Problem wahrzunehmen, indem er die Philosophie vor die Frage nach der Wahrheit der Religion stellt. (shrink)

Heinrich Rickert (1863-1936) fut, avec Windelband et Lask, l'un des principaux representants de l'ecole neokantienne de Heidelberg, qui se differencie essentiellement de l'ecole de Marbourg par la facon dont elle redefinit l'idealisme transcendantal a partir de la problematique de la validite, heritee notamment de la philosophie de Lotze. Les six articles reunis ici, publies par Rickert dans la revue Logos entre 1911 et 1932, dessinent les grandes lignes d'une philosophie systematique des valeurs qui ne se veut pas seulement une (...) theorie transcendantale du valoir dans son opposition a l'etre, mais aussi, en tant que doctrine des visions du monde, l'elaboration d'une reponse philosophique a la question du sens de la vie. A cote de recherches architectoniques portant sur la determination et l'articulation des differents domaines axiologiques, mais aussi sur les problemes generaux lies a la definition de la philosophie comme doctrine des valeurs, ces articles entretiennent une constante polemique a l'endroit de tout intuitionnisme et de toute philosophie de la vie. Contre le biologisme qui fait du vivant la valeur absolue et contre la denonciation intuitionniste de la science comme intellectualisme, l'affirmation de la transcendance des valeurs garantit pour Rickert le droit d'une philosophie scientifique et critique de la culture, qui en apprehende la vie propre en rendant compte de l'articulation des valeurs et de l'effectivite empirique au sein d'un systeme des valeurs qui reste ouvert sur l'infinie nouveaute et l'inepuisable richesse du monde historique. (shrink)

Heinrich Rickert (1863-1936) was One of the leading neo-Kantian philosophers in Germany and a crucial figure in the discussions of the foundations of the social sciences in the first quarter of the twentieth century. His views were extremely influential, most significantly on Max Weber. The Limits of Concept Formation in Natural Science is Rickert's most important work, and it is here translated into English for the first time. It presents his systematic theory of knowledge and philosophy of science, and (...) deals particularly with historical knowledge and the problem of demarcating the natural from the human sciences. The theory Rickert develops is carefully argued and of great intrinsic interest. It departs from both positivism and neo-Hegelian idealism and is worked out by contrast to the views of others, particularly Dilthey and the early phenomenologists. (shrink)

Heinrich Meiers Buch versucht am Leitfaden der Frage, ob Zarathustra ein Philosoph oder ein Prophet ist, zum Kern des Dramas vorzustoßen.

The present monograph is a slightly revised version of my Habilitations schrift Proof-theoretic Aspects of Intensional and Non-Classical Logics, successfully defended at Leipzig University, November 1997. It collects work on proof systems for modal and constructive logics I have done over the last few years. The main concern is display logic, a certain refinement of Gentzen's sequent calculus developed by Nuel D. Belnap. This book is far from offering a comprehensive presentation of generalized sequent systems for modal logics broadly conceived. (...) The proof-theory of non-classical logics is a rapidly developing field, and even the generalizations of the ordinary notion of sequent listed in Chapter 1 can hardly be presented in great detail within a single volume. In addition to further investigating the various approaches toward generalized Gentzen systems, it is important to compare them and to discuss their relative advantages and disadvantages. An initial attempt at bringing together work on different kinds of proof systems for modal logics has been made in [188]. Another step in the same direction is [196]. Since Chapter 1 contains introductory considerations and, moreover, every remaining chapter begins with some surveying or summarizing remarks, in this preface I shall only emphasize a relation to philosophy that is important to me, register the sources of papers that have entered this book in some form or another, and acknowledge advice and support. (shrink)

Although the principle of informed consent is well established and its importance widely acknowledged, it has met with criticism for decades. Doubts have been raised for a number of different reasons. In particular, empirical data show that people regularly fail to reproduce the information provided to them. Many critics agree, therefore, that the received concept of informed consent is no more than a myth. Strategies to overcome this problem often rest on a flawed concept of informed consent. In this paper, (...) it is suggested that informed consent is a communicative act between two persons. The challenge is to elucidate the norms and constraints for successfully performing such a communicative act. The view developed here has major consequences with regard to the standards for information disclosure as well as for the general scope of informed consent. (shrink)

Was passiert, wenn eine Politisierung des Politischen scheitert, wie dies z.B. beim bisherigen Ratifizierungsprozess zur EU-Verfassung geschehen ist? Unter welchen Bedingungen ereignet sich Politik? Und ereignet sich Politik wirklich uberall und jederzeit? Konstituiert Politik sich selbst und bestimmt die Politik zugleich auch, was keiner Politisierung unterzogen werden kann? In seiner neuen Studie untersucht Heinrich Buahoff die Entstehungsbedingungen von Politik und analysiert die spezifischen Dimensionen des Politischen und seine Bewegungsgesetze. Der Verfasser ist Professor fur Politikwissenschaft an der Universitat Wurzburg.

Imagination has recently attracted considerable attention from epistemologists and is recognized as a source of belief and even knowledge. One remarkable feature of imagination is that it is often and typically agentive: agents decide to imagine. In cases in which imagination results in a belief, the agentiveness of imagination may be taken to give rise to indirect doxastic control and epistemic responsibility. This observation calls for a proper understanding of agentive imagination. In particular, it calls for the development of a (...) semantics of imagination ascriptions. In the present paper an earlier suggestion by Ilkka Niiniluoto for a logic of imagination is considered. This proposal does not capture the agentive nature of imagination, and an alternative semantics is suggested. The new semantics combines the modal logic of agency with the neighbourhood semantics from alethic modal logic. (shrink)

In this paper, we shall consider the so-called cancellation view of negation and the inferential role of contradictions. We will discuss some of the problematic aspects of negation as cancellation, such as its original presentation by Richard and Valery Routley and its role in motivating connexive logic. Furthermore, we will show that the idea of inferential ineffectiveness of contradictions can be conceptually separated from the cancellation model of negation by developing a system we call qLPm, a combination of Graham Priest’s (...) minimally inconsistent Logic of Paradox with q-entailment as introduced by Grzegorz Malinowski. (shrink)

Although Schmitt never answered Strauss publicly, in the third edition of his book he changed a number of passages in response to Strauss’s criticisms.

As the discoverer of electromagnetic waves, Hertz is one of the most important figures in the history of physics. In commemoration of the 100th anniversary of his death, this volume ties together his personal and professional life. It contains 11 of Hertz's most important papers, seven accounts of his life by renowned contemporaries, and a biographical introduction. A bibliography of Hertz's scientific papers, a general bibliography of books and articles about his contributions to physics, and a comprehensive index round out (...) the coverage. Annotation copyright by Book News, Inc., Portland, OR. (shrink)

The following proposal explores and discusses the potential of Cartography as a methodological path in the development of research in Mathematics Education aimed at working with different groups that, in many cases, in addition to finding themselves in various situations of vulnerability and social neglect – taken in their potentiality of life –, are not necessarily linked to formal or informal academic training spaces, such as schools or universities. To this end, we begin with a general presentation of the doctoral (...) research carried out by five members of the research group Coletivo Cronopies+ (cronopiando.org) and, in addition, we invite the participants of the session to visit the first Hip Hop House in Brazil in Diadema/SP, which constitutes one of the settings that make up the fieldwork of one of the research projects presented. The research we share involves working with a Hip Hop cultural center in Piracicaba/São Paulo (SP), a Guarani-Kaiowá indigenous village in Coronel Sapucaia/Mato Grosso do Sul (MS), a traveling school in a Landless Workers’ Movement camp in Porecatu/Paraná (PR), a rural settlement school in Nova União/Rondônia (RO) and three collectives that operate with gender in the region of Rio Claro/SP. The construction of this proposal is methodologically based on Cartography, since the discussion aims to produce the field of this research and we propose “fieldwork”. (shrink)

This is a reproduction of a book published before 1923. This book may have occasional imperfections such as missing or blurred pages, poor pictures, errant marks, etc. that were either part of the original artifact, or were introduced by the scanning process. We believe this work is culturally important, and despite the imperfections, have elected to bring it back into print as part of our continuing commitment to the preservation of printed works worldwide. We appreciate your understanding of the imperfections (...) in the preservation process, and hope you enjoy this valuable book. ++++ The below data was compiled from various identification fields in the bibliographic record of this title. This data is provided as an additional tool in helping to ensure edition identification: ++++ Friedrich Heinrich Jacobi's Werke: Bd. David Hume Uber Den Glauben Oder Idealismus Und Realismus: Ein GesprAch. Uber Die Unzertrennlichkeit Des Begriffes Der Freyheit Und Vorsehung Von Dem Begriffe Der Vernunft. Etwes, Das Lessing Gesagt Hat: Ein Commentar Zu Den Reisen Der PAbste. Anhang Zu Dem...; Volume 2 Of Friedrich Heinrich Jacobi's Werke; Friedrich Von Roth Friedrich Heinrich Jacobi, Johann Georg Hamann, Friedrich von Roth, Friedrich KOppen G. Fleischer d. jUng, 1815. (shrink)

Band 9 der Schriftenreihe Beitrage zur Angewandten Ethik versammelt Arbeiten zu aktuellen Problemen sowie zu Grundlagenfragen der Medizinischen Ethik. Es handelt sich dabei zum Teil um Beitrage zu wissenschaftlichen Symposien, die das Interuniversitare Institut fur Angewandte Ethik in den Jahren 2008-2011 veranstaltet hat, und zum anderen Teil um Forschungsarbeiten, die im Rahmen von Projekten dieses Instituts entstanden sind. Zu den aktuellen Problemen der Medizinischen Ethik, die in den einzelnen Beitragen angeschnitten werden, gehoren Fragen der Stammzellenforschung und der Praimplantationsdiagnostik ebenso wie (...) Fragen, die sich im Zusammenhang mit den bei der In-Vitro-Fertilisation entstehenden 'uberzahligen' Embryonen ergeben, sowie Fragen bezuglich der neuen Patientenverfugungen - also durchwegs Fragen von hochster Aktualitat und Brisanz. (shrink)

With the deep economic crisis we face since 2008 also the interest in Marxian theories increased worldwide. This was not really surprising: while in Marx’s economic theory crises play an important role, they are nearly neglected in mainstream economics. They appear there as mere accidents, which could be prohibited by flexible markets (this is the belief of neoclassical economists) or by an appropriate economic policy (the belief of the Keynesians). But talking about Marxian economic theory, we should always have in (...) mind, that there is a certain development in Marx’s thinking as well as there are certain ambivalences in basic theoretical concepts. In traditional Marxism, which mostly tried to present Marxian theory as a complete and perfect building, especially such ambivalences were often negIected or even denied. In the following I will give a short overview about the main stages of Marx’s theoretical development, and then I will focus on the ambivalences of Marx’s mature theoretical work. (shrink)

Neuroenhancement concerns the improvement of a person’s mental properties, abilities, and performance. The various techniques of neuroenhancement offer new opportunities of such improvement, but also come with substantive perils. Neuroenhancement thus involves significant normative challenges for individual persons as well as for society as a whole. This expert report provides a concise overview of the contemporary debate on neuroenhancement. It discusses the definition, techniques and targets of neuroenhancement and examines arguments for and against it at the level of individual persons, (...) social interaction, and social policy. (shrink)